Selective Adaptation describes the process by which international legal rules are contextualized to local conditions. The institutional and cultural contexts for selective Adaptation involve a process by which non-local institutional practices and organizational forms are mediated by local norms. This process can be illustrated by reference to the local implementation of international human rights regimes. Selective Adaptation is made possible by ways in which governments, elites, and other interpretive communities express their own normative preferences in the course of interpretation and application of practice rules. Selective Adaptation depends on a number of factors, including perception, complementarity, and legitimacy. Perception influences understanding about foreign and local norms and practices. Originally a principle of nuclear physics, complementarity describes a circumstance by which apparently contradictory phenomena can be combined in ways that preserve essential characteristics of each component and yet allow for them to operate together in a mutually reinforcing and effective manner. Legitimacy concerns the extent to which members of local communities support the purposes and consequences of selective Adaptation. These three factors exercise a powerful influence on local compliance with international human rights regimes, as local interpretive communities endeavor to harmonize international rules with local norms. This paper will apply selective Adaptation paradigm to performance of international human rights obligations such as the right to development. The paper draws on documentary and field research in China and Asia during 2002-2004. Supported by a Major Collaborative Research Initiatives project funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the paper will suggest how selective Adaptation affects the dynamics of the right to development, and how compliance with international human rights rules remains contextualized to local legal and political culture.

The lack of Quranic approaches in the production of Quran-based humanities is still felt, despite the predominance of the philosophical approach in critical approaches to modern humanities, which has become very common in the Islamic world and in Iran for several decades. It seems that the capacity of the method of thematic exegesis (al-Tafsīr al-mawdū'ī, Arabic: التفسیر الموضوعیّ) in this regard, can be used to bring the Holy Quran into the field of humanities. Thematic exegesis, according to whether its subject is inside or outside the Qur'an, has several functions in criticizing the structure of modern knowledge and scientific research, as well as the production of Islamic humanities. It is possible to make use of thematic exegesis of the inside of the Holy Book of Quran in order to “fundamental criticism” of the general fundamentals of humanities -the fundamentals of epistemology, axiology, ontology and anthropology- and it is also possible to use thematic exegesis for constructing and producing foundation of humanities obtained from the Holy Quran. It is used by thematic interpretation exegesis of the outside of the Holy Book of Quran -such as Shahīd (martyr) Sadr’s interrogational approach- to answer the problems of humanities and this process faces challenges such as the complexity and multiplicity of the “subject” of the humanities that exist in modern terminology of this field. It can be used in order to solve this issue in some cases to know the process of the change of the components of the modern of the conceptual history’s approach and also by analyzing the issue into several components can be shown that the components are not necessarily a product of the modern era and can be followed up in the Holy Quran and can be found up in the Holy Quran. The perspective of the Holy Quran, after that, regarding the modern subject in the desired field by the “combining” of the results obtained based on the thematic interpretation.

Adaption from literary works for cinema is classified into interdisciplinary researches. In recent decades, it has drawn the interest of many comparatists. In this viewpoint, the comparative literature tries to change the purely theoretical position of human science by creating relation between it and other sciences, especially literature, and enrich it by linking to other arts, especially cinema.The purpose of this article is introducing and analyzing the dramatic characteristics of Khossfy’s "Khavaran-name" (as a qualified writing) by interactive and comparative approach based on the position and importance of adaption from literature in cinema.These dramatic characteristics that are made "Khavaran-name" as a qualified writing are: use of fictional and narrative aspect, dramatic characters, suspension, variety of conflicts, possessing rich content, and coordination between content, space and pictures.The method of this article is descriptive-analytical based on Khavaran-name using accepted theories associated with adaption in cinema that is an advanced method concerning with American school and its interdisciplinary approach in comparative literature.

Today, in order to adapt to real or expected stresses and to deal with natural consequences and crises (drought, floods, earthquakes, etc. ), attention to the Adaptation capacity of human settlements, especially in rural areas, is of paramount importance. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate and assess the capacity of Adaptation of rural areas to the drying of Lake Urmia in Miandoab county. This research was applied in terms of descriptive-analytical method and library and field studies were used to collect data. 15% of the villages of this city were selected as a statistical population using the three criteria of rural household number, geographical distribution and natural location, and then 330 households were selected as the sample size using the Cochran's formula. Data were analyzed using one-t-test, Coopras decision model, cluster analysis and Mooren I statistic in GIS software. The results showed that 10% of the villages (three villages of Gol Soleimanabad, Tazehkand Hasloughoubi and Haji Hassan) with high Adaptation capacity, 67/6 at medium Adaptation level 33/13 at low Adaptation level and 67/66 of the villages-which includes 20 sample villages-were in a very low position in terms of adaptive capacity to the drying up of Lake Urmia. In addition, the spatial pattern of Adaptation capacity indicators in Miandoab city according to Mooren I statistic follows a random pattern and villages that have access to sufficient water resources and capital and quick access to Miandoab city have a higher Adaptation capacity and in The total Adaptation capacity of the studied villages is at a moderate to low level.

AbstractPurpose: The velocity of change in the surrounding world has forced them to identify those factors which impact their change capacity. The present study was conducted to identify and prioritize influential factors on organizational change capacity.Methodology: In terms of purpose, this was explorative and applied research. Its population included ten familiar experts with research subjects in a research and training center. By reviewing the literature on change capacity, relevant, influential factors were identified, and they were concurred by the fuzzy Delphi technique, and then they were ranked. After recognizing influential factors, a pair comparisons questionnaire was distributed among ten experts, and after gathering the questionnaires, effecting factors were ranked using the Expert Choice11 Software package and AHP technique.Findings: Results show that organizational culture, structure, and style of leadership were the main factors that impacted change capacity.Conclusion: The influential factors can be divided into three categories: environmental, content, and structural elements. Environmental factors include environment and innovation; content factors include team working, intellectual capital, leadership, political behavior, and human resource management; Structural elements include strategy, structure, organizational policies, information technology, knowledge management, and technology. Value: This is the first time in the literature that the influential variables affecting the change capacity were recognized and categorized in a conceptual classification that has not been seen in the previous research.

A variety of solutions and pathways to create and strengthen Adaptation to climate change according to the characteristics of the Iranian petrochemical industry have been introduced in this study and were divided into different categories in terms of the timing required for implementation (short-term, medium-term and long-term) as well as the implementation nature (green, soft and grey). In the next step, these solutions were evaluated from the technical-economic-executive point of view, according to 8 criteria, and the present Adaptation capacity of the petrochemical industry was evaluated based on 5 elements for each solution. All evaluations were semi-quantitatively based on the expert's judgement. Finally, based on the two indicators of "executive attractiveness" and "Adaptation capacity", Adaptation solutions to climate change in the petrochemical industry were prioritized. The results of this study revealed that the solutions identified to create Adaptation to climate change in the petrochemical industry have a suitable executive appeal and Adaptation capacity exists in an optimal extent among petrochemical companies. The solutions that got the highest score in terms of executive attractiveness include energy efficiency in equipment and processes and buildings, renewable energies (solar, wind, etc.), flare reduction, and evaluating and managing natural, safety, and health risks. It was also found that solutions such as CCU and CCS, water condensate collection and water recovery, as well as recycling and recovering waste into products or energy, are among the solutions that have the least practical appeal and are considered as strategic options.

Developing countries are severely vulnerable to climate hazards. Global changes in climate patterns and events alter the quality and access to natural resources which leads to a widespread impact on their social and economic systems which is a kind of threat to today's societies and future generations. Rural communities are among the areas most affected by climate hazards and fluctuations, which require adaptive action to protect their livelihoods from the effects of climate hazards, which requires understanding and Adaptation measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Adaptation capacity and its components to climate hazards in two villages of Sefidbarg and Bivandsofla using a combined descriptive-analytic approach based on questionnaire data. The variables included in this study include individual characteristics and Adaptation indices to climate hazards including economic, social, infrastructure, personal knowledge, and government. Effectiveness of each component and analysis of data collected were analyzed using statistical techniques. The results showed that the local communities of Bivandsofla village with average of 2. 33 and Sefidbarg village with average of 2. 88 have low Adaptation capacity in the face of climate hazards phenomenon, and low Adaptation capacity of these two villages directly related with economic, social, infrastructure, individual knowledge and the government. The infrastructure component also has the highest Adaptation capacity and the economic, social, individual knowledge and government components have the lowest adaptability capacity. It is therefore necessary to pay special attention to improving the capacity of societies to adapt to the economic, social, individual and governmental components. Prior knowledge of the factors affecting Adaptation capacity and the provision of supportive policies by related organizations may allow for increased adaptive capacity in planning change management strategies.

Introduction Resolving social, economic and ecological challenges, analyzing the relationships between stakeholders and their surrounding environment is one of the requirements for empowering rangeland users. The interaction of humans and nature is defined as socio-ecological systems. Vulnerability, resilience and adaptive capacity have been identified as three characteristics related to the socio-ecological system. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to investigate the spatial changes of socio-ecological systems based on vulnerability, resilience and Adaptation capacity criteria. Also, prioritization of the northern rural districts of Ardabil province using multi-criteria evaluation is another objective of the current study. Materials and Methods In this study, the research was conducted in the northern villages of Ardabil province. As per the Iranian Statistics Center's report from 2015, the northern region of Ardabil province comprises four cities: Meshginshahr, Germi, Bilasuvar, and Parsabad, along with 31 rural districts and 980 villages. The total population in this area is 237,907, residing in 61,412 households. The study focused on rural districts as the primary socio-ecological management units. These units encompass rural communities and rangeland ecosystems, each evaluated based on criteria such as resilience, vulnerability, and adaptive capacity. Based on the purpose of the research and different dimensions of socio-ecological systems, the research sub-criteria were selected. Data for the sub-criteria were gathered through mapping, climate data, and questionnaire analysis. To standardize the values across different rural districts, the maximum method was applied due to the varying nature of the criteria. Then, different weighting methods were then employed to evaluate and prioritize the rural districts accordingly. Results and Discussion The analysis results indicate that Shaban and Lahrud rural districts in Meshginshahr county have the highest vulnerability scores (0.871 and 0.867), while Aslandoz and North Qashlaq rural districts in Parsabad county have the lowest scores (0.448 and 0.483). This suggests that Shaban and Lahrud are in a more vulnerable situation compared to Aslandoz and North Qeshlaq. In terms of resilience, central Arshagh and West Qashlaq rural districts in Parsabad county have the lowest values (0.252 and 0.286), while the two western Meshgin and Meshginshahr Ghareso rural districts have the highest values (0.692 and 0.691) among all rural districts. Additionally, the adaptive capacity criterion shows that Dasht and Lahrud rural districts in Meshginshahr exhibit the highest favorability (0.797 and 0.864), whereas Angirlu and South Qeshlaq rural districts in Bilasuvar have lower favorability compared to other districts (0.111 and 0.145). Furthermore, the zoned maps of socio-ecological system index values revealed that when applying equal weighting or adjusting the weight of each criterion, there were no significant variations in the socio-ecological system index across rural districts. Notably, the analysis indicated that the southern rural districts in the research area exhibited more favorable socio-ecological conditions compared to other regions. Consequently, it is imperative to implement robust measures to conserve nature and the environment, provide support to rural communities, and align efforts with sustainable development objectives. This approach will facilitate informed decision-making and effective management of plans and projects aimed at enhancing social-ecological systems. Conclusions The results showed that the index of socio-ecological systems of Dasht, Lahrud, Qarasu, Western Meshgin and Eastern Meshgin rural districts in all four weighting approach conditions (with the same weighting, emphasis on vulnerability criteria, emphasis on resilience criteria and emphasis on Adaptation capacity criteria) are more desirable compared to other rural districts. Overall, it is important to acknowledge that rural communities face greater challenges compared to urban areas in various aspects. When natural disasters strike, these communities are particularly vulnerable and have limited resources to recover. Therefore, it is crucial for management efforts to focus on maintaining favorable conditions and enhancing vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity in lower prioritized regions. Based on the research results, it is recommended to prioritize intra-regional and inter-regional equity to establish sustainable development and service indicators effectively. Special attention should be given to the spatial and physical organization of rural villages.

The latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) on climate and global warming Indicates that climate change and global warming in particular is one of the most important challenges of the world and drought, as a consequence of climate change around the world, has always influenced the many countries, including Iran. However, it seems that the climate changes, particularly in the West and Iran, especially among farmers and rural communities vulnerable to the effects of economic, social and environmental impacts that are more significant…..